Descriptions：Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1 alpha or IL1α) is a member of the interleukin-1 cytokine family, found constitutively present in epithelial layers of the entire gastrointestinal tract, lung, liver, kidney, endothelial cells, and astrocytes. The synthesized IL-1 alpha is a 31 kDa inactive precursor and can be cleaved by intracellular caspase-1 or extracellular proteases to generate the bioactive 17 kDa form and the 16 kDa N-terminal cleavage product. Both precursor and mature IL-1 alpha protein bind to the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), initiating a cascade of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF, in response to viral and bacterial pathogens conditions. IL-1 alpha plays a central role in immune-surveillance mechanisms, stimulating macrophages, neutrophils, and CD8+ T cells activity.
Applications：His tag
Tags：IL-1α
Descriptions：Neutral Protease (NP)
Descriptions：Alkaline protease (AKP)
Descriptions：C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) also named stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which is a chemokine of the intercrine alpha family. CXCL12 is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues. CXCL12 has a key role in controling the immune responses which is often induced by the lipopolysaccharide or IL-1. CXCL12 also activates the leukocytes during inflammation. CXCL12 induces the migration and proliferation of cells like hematopoietic progenitor, stem cells and leukocytes.
Tags：CXCL12
Descriptions：4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) is a type II transmembrane protein that is part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. As an inducible co-stimulatory molecule, it presents on several antigen presenting cell (APC) types, including B cells, macrophages and DCs. The interactions between 4-1BB and 4-1BBL trigger pleiotropic effects on the immune response including antigen presenting process, proliferation of CD4 and CD8 positive T-cells, as well as cytokine secretion from T-cells through NFκB, c-Jun, and p38 downstream signal pathways activation.Therefore, 4-1BB and 4-1BBL are recently used for the immunotherapy of cancer.
Applications：His tag
Tags：4-1BBL
Descriptions：Betaine
Tags：Betaine
Descriptions：Interleukin 38 (IL-38) is a 16.87 kDa cytokine with 152 amino acid residues and a member of the interleukin-1 (IL-1) family. IL-38 is primarily secreted from basal epithelia of the skin and B cells of the tonsil, spleen, and thymus. It plays essential roles in inflammation and host defense by mediating NF-κB, AP1, and JNK signaling pathways when IL-38 binds to the receptors like IL1RAPL1 and IL-36R. In addition, IL-38 participates in down-regulating cell proliferation, migration, and up-regulating IL-6 and IL-10.
Tags：IL-38
Descriptions：Galectin-10 (Gal-10) is a lectin family member and is one of the prototype galectins. It contains one carbohydrate recognition domain (CRD), responsible for β-galactoside binding, and is biologically active as homodimers. It has been reported that galectin-10 is presented in eosinophils but also detected in basophils and macrophages. Accumulated evidence indicates that galectin-10 spontaneously forms Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs), participating in allergic responses and related inflammatory reactions. Several binding partners for galectin-10 have been identified, including eosinophil granule cationic ribonucleases, eosinophil-derived neurotoxin (EDN, RNS2), and eosinophil cationic protein (ECP, RNS3), demonstrating the interaction is essential for eosinophil differentiation and granulogenesis.
Tags：Galectin-10
Descriptions：Interleukin 19 (IL-19) predicts a molecular mass of 35.8 kDa, is a type of anti-inflammatory cytokine. It promotes the Th2 T-cell response which supports an anti-inflammatory lymphocyte phenotype, dampens the Th1 T-cell response and IFNγ secretion, increases IL-10 expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells, and inhibits the production of IgG from B cells.
Tags：IL-19
Descriptions：Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is an 18 kDa cytokine with 142 amino acid residues. IL-31 is mainly secreted from activated CD4+ T cells and binds to a receptor called IL-31RA. Upon binding to 31RA, IL-31 activates several signal pathways like MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Jak/STAT pathways. It is critical in regulating many biological functions, such as cell proliferation, hematopoiesis, induction of cytokines, inflammation, and immune response.
Tags：IL-31
