Descriptions:Galectin-8 (Gal-8) is a lectin family member and is one of the tandem repeat-type galectins containing two carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) connected by a linker region in a single peptide chain. The CRD is responsible for β-galactoside binding, and the binding partners for galectin-8 have been identified, including CD44 and a subset of integrins. Galectin-8 and integrins form complexes, subsequently leading to phosphorylation of paxillin and focal adhesion kinase (FAK), which activates signal pathways including MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT pathways. Galectin-8 is constitutively presented in the Liver, kidney, cardiac muscle, lung, and brain. Galectin-8 serves as an immunosuppressive protective role against autoimmune CNS inflammation, regulating the balance of Th17 and Th1 polarization.
Tags:Galectin-8
Descriptions:Mouse Insulin Like Growth Factors 2 (IGF-II) is a 7.34 kDa member of the Insulin-like Growth Factors with 67 amino acid residues. IGF-II is mainly expressed from early embryonic somatic tissues, liver, and epithelial cells lining the surface of the brain. IGF-II is mediating the embryonic development and placental growth, while also promoting tumor growth. IGF-II affects regulation of cell proliferation, growth, migration, differentiation and survival via binding to IGF-I receptor.
Tags:IGF-II
Descriptions:Interleukin-1 alpha (IL1 alpha or IL1α) is a member of the interleukin-1 cytokine family, found constitutively present in epithelial layers of the entire gastrointestinal tract, lung, liver, kidney, endothelial cells, and astrocytes. The synthesized IL-1 alpha is a 31 kDa inactive precursor and can be cleaved by intracellular caspase-1 or extracellular proteases to generate the bioactive 17 kDa form and the 16 kDa N-terminal cleavage product. Both precursor and mature IL-1 alpha protein bind to the IL-1 receptor (IL-1R), initiating a cascade of inflammatory cytokines and chemokines production such as IL-6, IL-8, and TNF, in response to viral and bacterial pathogens conditions. IL-1 alpha plays a central role in immune-surveillance mechanisms, stimulating macrophages, neutrophils, and CD8+ T cells activity.
Applications:His tag
Tags:IL-1α
Descriptions:Interleukin 25 (IL-25) is a cytokine with proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory effects, it predicts a molecular mass of 16.7 kDa. It can induce NF-κB activation, and stimulate the production of IL-8, which is the major chemotactic substance of neutrophils.
Tags:IL-25
Descriptions:Interleukin 31 (IL-31) is an 18 kDa cytokine with 142 amino acid residues. IL-31 is mainly secreted from activated CD4+ T cells and binds to a receptor called IL-31RA. Upon binding to 31RA, IL-31 activates several signal pathways like MAPK, PI3K/AKT, and Jak/STAT pathways. It is critical in regulating many biological functions, such as cell proliferation, hematopoiesis, induction of cytokines, inflammation, and immune response.
Tags:IL-31
Descriptions:Interleukin 30 (IL-30) forms one chain of the heterodimeric cytokine called interleukin 27 (IL-27), thus it is also called IL27 p28, it predicts a molecular mass of 24.9 kDa. IL-30, the p28 subunit that forms IL-27 together with EBI3 and is also known as IL-27 p28 or IL-27A, has been considered a surrogate to represent IL-27. It was initially thought to be an IL-12-like cytokine promoting Th1 immunity because of its ability to induce T-bet and IL-12Rβ2 expression through STAT1 activation during Th1 differentiation.
Tags:IL-30
Descriptions:C-X-C motif chemokine 12 (CXCL12) also named stromal cell-derived factor 1 (SDF-1), which is a chemokine of the intercrine alpha family. CXCL12 is a 7.8 kDa protein containing 70 amino acid residues. CXCL12 has a key role in controling the immune responses which is often induced by the lipopolysaccharide or IL-1. CXCL12 also activates the leukocytes during inflammation. CXCL12 induces the migration and proliferation of cells like hematopoietic progenitor, stem cells and leukocytes.
Tags:CXCL12
Descriptions:C-X-C motif chemokine 3 (CXCL3) also named Growth-regulated oncogene gamma (GROγ), which is a chemokine of the intercrine alpha family. CXCL3 is a 8kDa protein containing 73 amino acid residues. During inflammation, CXCL3 is activated by the TNF and IL-1 which mediates the monocytes migration and adhesion by targeting the CXCR2. CXCL3 activates the JNK activity which induce the cell differentiation.
Applications:His tag
Tags:CXCL3
Descriptions:4-1BB ligand (4-1BBL) is a type II transmembrane protein that is part of the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) ligand family. As an inducible co-stimulatory molecule, it presents on several antigen presenting cell (APC) types, including B cells, macrophages and DCs. The interactions between 4-1BB and 4-1BBL trigger pleiotropic effects on the immune response including antigen presenting process, proliferation of CD4 and CD8 positive T-cells, as well as cytokine secretion from T-cells through NFκB, c-Jun, and p38 downstream signal pathways activation.Therefore, 4-1BB and 4-1BBL are recently used for the immunotherapy of cancer.
Applications:His tag
Tags:4-1BBL